Lugar Center Issues New Report Card for Congressional Oversight
Our Work
Congressional Oversight Hearing Index (COHI) gives nine A’s to House committees, seven F’s to Senate.
For immediate release
For more information contact:
Jay Branegan jay@thelugarcenter.org; (202) 329-6837
Dan Diller dan@thelugarcenter.org; (703) 509-1493
Jamie Spitz jamie@thelugarcenter.org; (303) 929-4453
WASHINGTON, DC — A new report card on the oversight performance of Congressional committees in the just-concluded 116th Congress shows a striking disparity: Many “A”s were earned in the Democratic-controlled House of Representatives, while “F”s predominated in the GOP Senate.
The final grades reflect the hearing activity in 2019-2020 by 34 House and Senate committees as calculated by the Congressional Oversight Hearing Index (COHI) launched by The Lugar Center in May 2020. In the House, nine committees received an A grade, but in the Senate, only the Small Business Committee, chaired by Sen. Marco Rubio (R, Fla.), rated the top grade.
Seven Senate committees got an F for their oversight of the Trump administration’s final two years, while in the House there was only one such failing grade, for the Ways and Means Committee, chaired by Rep. Richard Neal (D, Mass.). The grades are derived from statistical analysis of committee hearings, not subjective judgments about overall Committee performance.
The data show that the House Democratic chairs, who regained control after the 2018 mid-term elections, set new highs for oversight activity in eight different committees. The two highest scorers in Congress were Rep. Bobby Scott’s (D, Va.) Education and Labor Committee, and the Committee on Veterans Affairs, chaired by Rep. Mark Takano (D, Cal.). The lowest score in Congress was recorded by the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, chaired by Sen. Ron Johnson (R, Wis.)
The COHI is the first-ever systematic measurement of how each committee in Congress is performing its vital oversight function. The Lugar Center believes that Congressional oversight is an essential component of American democracy that improves the transparency and performance of our government, illuminates ethical malfeasance within our government or the private sector, and guards against the accumulation of unchecked power in the executive branch.
The study uses congressional hearings as a proxy to understand the committee’s oversight activity. Although hearings are not the only form of oversight, most cases of significant oversight involve or are accompanied by hearings. A thorough examination of the hearing record captures a large percentage of Congress’s most notable oversight efforts.
Each committee’s grade is based on the number and type of open hearings it held during the 116th Congress relative to the activity of that same committee in prior Congresses. Using a searchable database that comprises some 20,000 hearings, the grading system assigns points to all hearings, but gives more weight to those of an investigative nature and those that delve into the administration’s execution of policy and legislation.
The Republican-controlled Senate’s lax oversight of a Republican administration should not be the norm, said Lugar Center Policy Director Dan Diller: “Oversight should not diminish when Congress and the Presidency are controlled by the same party. The U.S. government is an enormous enterprise, and no matter who is in the White House, there is no shortage of topics that would benefit from Congressional scrutiny.”
The COHI is intended to give the public a comprehensive and objective way to evaluate how their elected representatives are performing their jobs. Said Danielle Brian, executive director of the Project on Government Oversight (POGO), “Congressional majorities shouldn’t give their own party a pass when it controls the Executive Branch. The Lugar Center’s impressive new database documents when parties do precisely that. If this era has taught us one thing, it’s that when Congress turns a blind eye to malfeasance, it only creates larger problems for everyone.”
In addition to the Homeland Security Committee, other key Senate committees that received failing grades included Banking, chaired by Sen. Mike Crapo (R, Ida..); Budget, chaired by Mike Enzi (R, Wyo.), and Health, Education and Labor, chaired by Lamar Alexander (R, Tenn.). For the second Congress in a row, Sen. Jim Risch (R, Ida.); received an F grade, though he chaired two different committees. During the 115th (2017-2018) he earned an F for the Small Business Committee, and in this Congress, he earned an F at Foreign Relations.
The poor oversight performance of Sen. Johnson’s Homeland Security committee was particularly striking because it includes the powerful Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, which has a long history of high-profile, bipartisan probes. (A committee’s grade includes all hearings by its subcommittees.) Yet the Homeland Security Committee only held a fifth of the investigative hearings it typically convened in recent Congresses. Johnson, who has chaired the Homeland Security Committee for three Congresses in a row has received a D and two Fs during his six-year tenure.
By contrast, at a time when small businesses have been devastated by the COVID-19 restrictions, Sen. Rubio’s Small Business committee held a number of hearings to examine their plight and got the top grade (and only A) in the Senate.
In the House, the other committees receiving an A included Appropriations, chaired by Rep. Nita Lowey (D, N.Y.); Financial Services, led by Rep. Maxine Waters (D, Cal.); Homeland Security, under Rep. Bennie Thompson (D, Miss.); Judiciary, led by Rep. Jerry Nadler (D, N.Y.).; Oversight and Reform, chaired by Rep. Carolyn Maloney (D, N.Y.) Budget, under Rep. John Yarmuth (D, Ky.); and Natural Resources, led by Raul Grijalva (D, Az.)
In comparing each committee’s oversight performance to the same committee in prior years, an adjustment was made so as not to penalize committees of the 116th Congress for the slower pace of hearings in 2020 because of the pandemic.
The change of party control of the presidency and the Senate will affect oversight dynamics in the coming Congress. But history shows that a high tempo of oversight can be maintained even when the presidency and Congress are controlled by the same party. The highest overall Senate score of the six Congresses in the COHI database was recorded in the 111th Congress (2009-2010) when Democrats controlled the Senate and Barack Obama was President. “The test for Democratic committee chairs going forward in 2021 is whether they will adopt an energetic oversight hearing posture now that Joe Biden is President,” Diller said.
For the full report card on the COHI homepage, click here.
For details on Metholodolgy: here
FAQs: here
| 116th Congress (2019-20) Committee Report Card |
| Rank | Chair | Committee | Score* | Grade |
| 1 | Bobby Scott (D-VA) | House Committee on Education and Labor | 124% | A |
| 1 | Mark Takano (D-CA) | House Committee on Veterans' Affairs | 124% | A |
| 3 | Nita Lowey (D-NY) | House Committee on Appropriations | 119% | A |
| 4 | Jerrold Nadler (D-NY) | House Committee on Judiciary | 115% | A |
| 5 | Carolyn Maloney (D-NY) | House Committee Oversight and Reform | 112% | A |
| 6 | John Yarmuth (D-KY) | House Committee on Budget | 103% | A |
| 6 | Raúl Grijalva (D-AZ) | House Committee on Natural Resources | 103% | A |
| 8 | Maxine Waters (D-CA) | House Committee on Financial Services | 102% | A |
| 9 | Bennie Thompson (D-MS) | House Committee on Homeland Security | 93% | A |
| 10 | Marco Rubio (R-FL) | Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship | 92% | A |
| 11 | James Inhofe (R-OK) | Senate Committee on Armed Services | 87% | B |
| 12 | Chuck Grassley (R-IA) | Senate Committee on Finance | 80% | B- |
| 13 | Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) | Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources | 79% | C+ |
| 14 | Frank Pallone (D-NJ) | House Committee on Energy and Commerce | 78% | C+ |
| 14 | Nydia Velázquez (D-NY) | House Committee on Small Business | 78% | C+ |
| 16 | Susan Collins (R-ME) | Senate Committee on Aging | 74% | C |
| 16 | Lindsey Graham (R-SC) | Senate Committee on Judiciary | 74% | C |
| 18 | Peter DeFazio (D-OR) | House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure | 73% | C |
| 19 | Adam Smith (D-WA) | House Committee on Armed Services | 70% | C- |
| 19 | Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX) | House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology | 70% | C- |
| 21 | Collin Peterson (D-MN) | House Committee on Agriculture | 68% | D+ |
| 22 | Richard Shelby (R-AL) | Senate Committee on Appropriations | 67% | D |
| 22 | Roger Wicker (R-MS) | Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation | 67% | D |
| 24 | Eliot Engel (D-NY) | House Committee on Foreign Affairs | 64% | D |
| 25 | Pat Roberts (R-KS) | Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry | 63% | D |
| 26 | John Barrasso (R-WY) | Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works | 62% | D |
| 27 | Mike Crapo (R-ID) | Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs | 59% | F |
| 28 | Jerry Moran (R-KS) | Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs | 57% | F |
| 29 | Richard Neal (D-MA) | House Committee on Ways and Means | 54% | F |
| 30 | John Hoeven (R-ND) | Senate Committee on Indian Affairs | 51% | F |
| 31 | Jim Risch (R-ID) | Senate Committee on Foreign Relations | 50% | F |
| 32 | Lamar Alexander (R-TN) | Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions | 48% | F |
| 33 | Mike Enzi (R-WY) | Senate Committee on Budget | 33% | F |
| 34 | Ron Johnson (R-WI) | Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs | 32% | F |
| * The scores for each committee are derived by comparing the overall number of oversight hearing points a committee earned during the 116th Congress (2019-2020) to the highest historic performance by that same committee over the last five Congresses (2009-2018). A score above 90% earns an A, 80% earns a B, 70% earns a C, and 60% earns a D. A score over 100% indicates that a committee set a new record for oversight hearing points in the just concluded 116th Congress. The House Committee on House Administration, the House Committee on Intelligence (Permanent Select), the Senate Committee on Intelligence, the House Committee on Rules, and the Senate Committee on Rules are not given grades due to unique factors related to these committees that are explained in the FAQ section of our website. |
